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 * Plate Tectonics****:** Continents drifting from place to place breaking apart, colliding, and grinding against each other.


 * Convergent Boundary**: Occur where a plate of ocean dives or one plate dives beneath each other or where land masses collide.

When one plate dives beneath the other it creates deep trenches. The location where sinking of a plate occurs is called a subdustion zone. This can occur between an oceanic and a largely continental plate, or between two largely oceanic plates, or between two largely continental plates.

Off the coast of South America, along the Peru- Chile trench, the oceanic Nazca plate ispushing into and being subducted under the continental part of the South American Plate. The South American Plate is lifting up and creating the Andes Mountains.

The Marianas Trench marks where the fast moving Pacific Plate converges against the slower moving Philippine Plate. The Marianas Trench goes deeper into the Earth's interior creating having the effect being the tallest mountain, Mount Everest.

The Himalayan Mountain demonstrates the consequences of plate tectonics. When two continents meet head-on, neither is subducted 'cause the continental rocks are like two colliding icebergs, they resist downward motion. Tnstead the crust buckles and be pushed upward or sideways. The collison of India and Asia 50 million years ago caused the Eurasian Plate to crumple up and override the Indian Plate. They now slowly convergence of the two plates over millions of years, and made the Himalayas.



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 * Divergent Boundary: In oceans, magma in Earth's mantle rises toward the surface and pushes apart two or more plates.

In the northeastern part of Iceland, plate movements are easy to see around Krafla Volcano. Cracks in the ground have widened or new ones appear every few months. Episodes of rifting took place along the Krafla fissure zone, along with volcanic activity at times. An eruuption would occur when the ground would rise gradually about 1-2 meters before dropping. East Africa may be the site of the Earth's next major ocean. Plate interactions in the region shows scientists the study first hand of how the Atlantic may have formed. If the spreading continues, the Indian ocean will flood the area of easternmost of Africa making a large island.

The Mid- Atlantic Ridge, extends from the Artic Ocean to beyond the southern tip of Africa system that encircles the Earth.


 * Transform Boundary:** The zone between two plates sliding horizontally past one another. Also known as the //transform- fault boundary//, and are usually found on the ocean floor.

Transform boundaries are marked by stream beds split in half, and moved in opposite directions. The San Andreas fault zone in Califorina connects the East Pacific Rise with the South Gurda Explorer Ridge. This is an example of a transform fault on land about two thirds of California.

The oceanic transform fault has an example near Clarion, Califorina. Hundreds of kilometers long, and 8 kilometers deep.

The Puerto Rico Trench is an oceanic trench located between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean( right on the boundary).

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