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These types of boundaries are called the //**convergent boundaries**//. This happens when two land-masses collide into each other. These boundaries make features like volcanoes and mountain ranges. One of the mountain ranges made by these boundaries are the Himalayas. The Himalayas are the biggest mountain range in the world. This happened because the Indian Plate collided with the Eurasian, one plate buckled underneath the other, creating a mountain range that today we call the Himalayas. Convergent boundaries were the cause of Mount Everest too. Mount Everest is the highest point on the face of the earth. It grows about the size of a fingernail each year. Convergent boundaries can also happen under water. These boundaries don't just make mountains and volcanoes, they can make trenches as well. One of the deepest trenches in the world is the Mariana Trench in the North Pacific Ocean. About 55 million years ago the Indian and Asian plate collided.

These boundaries are called the **//divergent boundaries//. This happens when two push apart from each other. Typically divergent boundaries break along parallel faults. Examples of divergent boundaries would be The East Afrian Rift in Kenya and the Rio Grande Rift in New Mexico. If the plates continue to diverge, millions of years from now Eastern Africa will split from the continent to form a new landmass. The block between the faults crack and drops down into the soft, platic interior also know as the asthenosphere. This can also happen under water. This process renews the ocean floor and widens the giant basins. The Mid Atlantic Ridge causes the Atlantic ocean to widen at only about 2 cenimeters per year. The Mid Atlantic Ridge extends from the Artic Ocean to beyond the southeren tip of Africa. The Mid Atlantic Ridge is also the best know example for divergent boundaries. **



These boundaries are called //**transform** **boundaries**//**.** This happens when two plates grind againest each other. A great example of transform boundaries would be the San Andreas Fault in California. These boundaries don't produce spectacular features like mountains or oceans. There halting motion often triggers large earthquakes. One earthquake that was made by a transform boundary was the 1906 quake that devastated San Francisco. Transform boundaries don't show movement as soon as it's happening. It often shows movement a couple minutes after it happens. Stream beds are made from these. Some stream beds will be split apart and two halves will go opposite directions.